How to Evaluate Intellectual Property in Business Acquisitions

How to Evaluate Intellectual Property in Business Acquisitions

How to Evaluate Intellectual Property in Business Acquisitions

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When acquiring a service-based business, one crucial step is to evaluate intellectual property in business acquisitions. This process is often challenging, especially when the IP lacks a clear market value. In this article, we’ll explore a real-world example that sheds light on how a buyer navigated these valuation challenges and identified opportunities to leverage IP effectively.

How to Evaluate Intellectual Property in Business Acquisitions

Let’s say you’re looking into a business that claims it has intellectual property valued at $500,000. In this case, the company owns a library of HR documents, manuals, and training materials that its consultants use to support small- to medium-sized businesses needing outsourced HR solutions.

While this IP may sound valuable, it’s essential to evaluate intellectual property in business acquisitions with a clear understanding of what’s behind that $500,000 valuation. In many cases, companies arrive at IP values based on a mix of direct costs and perceived worth. However, relying solely on self-assessment or assumed value can make IP valuations tricky.

For more information on understanding IP valuation, read this guide on business acquisitions.

Borrowing Challenges When Using Intellectual Property as Collateral

A common challenge when you evaluate intellectual property in business acquisitions is securing funding based on intangible assets. Lenders are often reluctant to lend against IP without a documented historical cost or established market value. In our example, it’s likely the company spent around $50,000 on attorney fees and then assumed the remaining value, making it difficult to justify the full amount as collateral.

Tip: Consider licensing the IP as a way to generate steady revenue, which can help validate its market value over time and create an additional income stream.

Breaking Down a Service-Based Business Valuation

In service-based businesses, knowing how to evaluate intellectual property in business acquisitions requires a careful look at all assets and financial metrics. Here’s how the example company’s valuation breaks down:

  • Intellectual Property (IP) Library: Claimed value of $500,000
  • Fixtures, Furniture, and Equipment (FF&E): Estimated at $12,000
  • Accounts Receivable: Around $99,000
  • Net Operating Loss (NOL): Approximately $196,000

Here, the primary asset is intellectual property, supplemented by recurring revenue from a membership model. While recurring revenue can be appealing, it’s essential to look deeper to ensure the IP has the potential to sustain revenue over time.

For more insights on assessing a business’s finances, visit this page on financial independence and acquisitions.

Assessing Revenue and Earnings

The company in this example reported $8.75 million in revenue for 2020, with an EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization) of approximately $176,000 after adjustments. The seller was asking for a high multiple based on these figures, which can be risky for a service business. When you evaluate intellectual property in business acquisitions, it’s wise to avoid paying high multiples unless the IP’s earnings potential and assets justify it.

Key Takeaways to Evaluate Intellectual Property in Business Acquisitions

  1. Scrutinize the IP Valuation: Verify how the seller calculated the IP’s value. Intangible assets without a documented cost basis can be inflated, so dig deep.
  2. Consider Licensing as Revenue: If the IP holds real value, consider licensing options that can generate additional revenue. Licensing can help validate the IP’s worth and contribute to a recurring income stream.
  3. Assess Recurring Revenue Models Carefully: While recurring revenue is attractive, ensure the IP can support this income over the long term.
  4. Avoid Overpaying Based on Optimistic Projections: When you evaluate intellectual property in business acquisitions, focus on historical financials and realistic valuations, rather than uncertain future projections.
  5. Use Conservative Multiples for Service-Based Businesses: Businesses with few physical assets typically call for more conservative multiples. Avoid paying high multiples unless the IP’s potential supports it.

Knowing the intellectual property value in business acquisitions means critically assessing the IP’s real worth, exploring potential for licensing, and confirming the sustainability of revenue models. By taking a thorough and cautious approach, you can make better-informed decisions and avoid overpaying for speculative assets.


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Picture of Meet Roland Frasier

Meet Roland Frasier

Roland Frasier is an investor and business strategist with over 1,000 acquisitions and exits completed for himself and his clients.

His current portfolio companies include real estate, restaurants, business and home services, events, eLearning, e-commerce, franchise and SaaS businesses.

He has been a principle of 6 different Inc. fastest growing companies and serves on the Stanford University Advisory Board for Global Projects and their Family Office Steering Committee.

He has been featured in Business Insider, Fast Company, Forbes, Entrepreneur, Inc, Yahoo Finance and has appeared on all major television networks.

Roland has interviewed Sir Richard Branson, Sarah Blakely, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Martha Stewart, Magic Johnson and other business celebrities, many on his award winning Business Lunch podcast.

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